Where Is My Job Card Mr. CM?
- Part 2 -

Gitchandra S Oinam *

The first decade of the 21st century have changed how Manipur must think about "Social Order and Social Security" To meet the multiple challenges of the complex issues, it is crucial that we develop a system that places the right people in the right places in government at the right moment. Consequently, it requires people who are not only substantively qualified and knowledgeable regarding policy issues but also possess the leadership abilities to direct large complex organizations. There are also obviously growing requirements for those with technical expertise, human resource management, finance/comptroller skills, etc.

Training is concerned with teaching what to think and what the answers ought to be. Education is focused on teaching how to think and what the questions ought to be. Training is most frequently used when the goal is to prepare an individual or an organization to execute specified tasks.

It often includes task repetition, not unlike an athletic team learning to execute plays, and normally is the preferred method of learning when the goal is to perform operations in which success, failure, and completion can be clearly measured. Education has more to do with how to think about problems and how to deal with challenges that may not lend themselves to outright solutions. It is a matter of intellect, thought, indirect leadership, advice, and consensus building.

Unfortunately in Manipur, writing, teaching and advocacy is not called "doing" even by state elite, intellects. Do you mean teachers are not doing, writers are not doing or public speakers are not doing? Then, what do you mean by doing? Engineers, doctors, bureaucrats, ministers, contractors, businessmen, NGO workers are doing. Because, you are getting materials support you need or money from them.

Right? So, government is right; now you can get earn money from contract works and 6th pay commission, business is profitable and you can get enjoy in wine, sex with prostitute or affairs with other women because poor people will sell their body—consequently create crime against women and alcohol addiction because you know everything and you do not need for advice, teaching and guidance, right? The same case was happen in developing African countries.

Whenever they get some income they are almost spent on enjoyment and entertainment items without considering for saving and investment. They feel that they will get income and will enjoy their live as usual forever. What is the objective of individual(s) after getting rich or good income? Building home, buying TV, Refrigerator, expensive cell phone, laptop/ computer, a car and entertainment. Remember-- personal tragedy may change your whole life—friend circle, wealth, health, environment, thinking and life style.

What do you feel when you listen the news reports of crimes and violent of Manipur? According to 'Crime in India 2010' produced by National Crimes Record Bureau, Manipur has earned the dubious distinction of recording the highest rate of violent crimes ( 34.5%) in the country followed closely by Jammu and Kashmir. Assam (33.4%) has become the country's fourth most dangerous place to live in and is followed closely by Delhi (30.4%). However, cognisable crimes are decreasing, from 3,349 in 2008 to 2,852 in 2009 to 2,715 in 2010. The number of policemen has gone up from 8,541 in 2009 to 10,249 in 2010.

Manipur has 188 cases of crime against women in 2007-08. 43.9% crime against women and domestic violence according to NCRB, Delhi. The issue of HIV/AIDS is not only a health issue. The issue is a multifarious one encompassing social, economic, legal, human rights and political aspects. In accordance to the epidemiological analysis report of Manipur State AIDS Control Society, there are 38,016 HIV positive people in Manipur till January, 2011. Among this, 10,109 are woman and 2578 are children, and 9985 HIV positive people are receiving ART facilities. The saddest and shocking news is the sudden increasing numbers of HIV positive children!

However, the problem is not only for Manipur; it is an entire North East problem. A Guwahati-based NGO, the Global Organisation for Life Development, which conducted a study recently, has claimed that about 20 per cent of teenagers of the north-eastern region, between 11-17 years, are being compelled to become sex workers. The GOLD officials also underscored that almost half of the child sex workers were from Assam, followed by Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh, while some of the victims were trafficked to brothels in Mumbai Pune and Ahmedabad. Hasina Kharbhih, a team leader of the Meghalaya-based NGO, Impluse, who has been working in this area for many years, said that child prostitution is the immediate result of human trafficking.

Reports of 1000 sex workers working in Mokokchung (Nagaland) envisage possibility of red light area in the town and other towns in NE India. If we add the number of sex workers in Kohima and Dimapur, it may be more than 3000 sex workers in Nagaland writes Dr. R.B. Thohe Pou in www.e-pao.net.

A survey conducted by Kristian Thalai Pawl (KTP), youth wing of the Mizoram Presbyterian Church, has revealed that there were more than 1000 commercial sex workers (CSW) operating in Mizoram. Normally, prostitutes, locally referred to as KS (Khawpui Service, or city service) in Aizawl and some cabbie also play important part in their business, highlighted the survey.

Ruatfela Nu, as well as other researchers, has disclosed that the number of minors (between 12-13 years of age) among the KS has increased. Mizo sex workers are doing their business widely in Shillong of Meghalaya too. A survey revealed that there are 70 genuine Mizo sex videos currently circulating in and around Mizoram. 62.85% of the people involved in these videos said that they did the films with their own consent while 37.14% of girls in these videos accused their male partners of filming their activities without their knowledge, the survey said.

There are around 1200 female sex workers currently operating this business in Imphal city. Besides, numbers of sex workers in Churachanpur, Moreh of Chandel districts are working.

Clients of Sex Workers in Manipur according to National Behaviour Surveillance Survey 2006 is:
Age wise clients in Manipur --
age between age between 15-20 is 1.9 %
age between 20-25 is 31.5%;
age between 26-35 is 45.2%;
age between 36-45 is 20.7%
and age above 45 is 0.7%;
median age ( age percentage) in a-the years is 29.

Among the illiterate client is 11.5%;
grade1-IV is 6.3%;
grade V to X is 41.5%;
grade XI-XII is 21.1%;
above XII is 19.6%.

Marital statuses of clients are ever married clients is 44.4 %in 2006 against 55.1% in 2001. Highest clients according to age group are, age group of 20-25 is 46.7% and followed by age group of 26-30 that is 35.8%.

Among them currently married and living with spouse represent 39.6%; Currently married and living with other sexual partner represent 0.4; Currently married and not living with spouse or other sexual partner represent 4.4% Not currently married and living with sexual partner represent 0.4 and Not currently married and not living with sexual partner represent 55.2%.

Main Occupation top five of the clients-Local transport worker represents 14.4%; Petty business--16.3; Non agricultural labourer--1.5%; Services--7.8; Truck driver--12.6%; Live in the city/ town--98.9%; Live in the city since birth--67.8%; not staying at regular residence--20.0%;

So, if you know that urban living men both married and unmarried at an average age between 20-40; both educated and uneducated working as labourers, small businessmen, contractors, services are regular clients of sex workers, we have no reason for listening one sided story for increasing sex workers in the state is due to poverty and forced them to do this job from their personal tragedy and now, they can't change the job.

If there is no client there shall be no sex worker in the state; outsider clients is maximum about 30%. Improve your family relationship; know something about spiritual. Spiritual is principles of divine law. It is different from religion. Only legal system, law enforcement and medical advances can't solve the problem. Recruit them in security forces if some of them are found fit.

My theoretical argument is that actual legal system in reasonable successful society have a clear moral principles behind at lease much of their law. Russel Hardin on his "Law and Social order" argue that there may be many laws within a general legal system that have the other moral bases or that arguably have moral basis at all. The central programme of law to create social order is itself commonly guide by mutual advantage.

It would be perverse to say that, if there is a legal system, then it must have been designed to be mutually advantageous. But it not so perverse to say that , if legal system is succeeded in effecting social order, then it must substantially serve mutual advantage. Mutual advantage, which is simply ordinary utilitarianism, is roughly Paretian. A policy serves mutual advantage if it benefits some and harms none—this is the Pareto Principle in Economics.

At a more nearly systematic level, a legal system serve mutual advantage is, ex -ante, it secure social order and opportunity for prosperity. This is the core claim of Thomas Hobbe in his defense of rule by sovereign with the power to secure order. Hobbes supposed that any sovereign must be supported without any threat of attempting reform against that sovereign's rule. A particular legal system is right or good, however, is essentially to say that it serve as well.

So, if a legal system roughly meets the Pareto criticism, we can say that the system itself is efficient relative to no system at all, as Hobbe's argue must be true for virtually any system that secures order. If this is a reason for having a legal system, then we might suppose that the same criterion should often apply to the details of the system, that is, to the actual content of the various laws, Russel Hardin opinioned. Any legal system that is heavily infused with morality will work well only when if its subjects share the morality. We want a greater welfare; we achieve it by creating institutions that regulate behaviour and make it a matter of legal duty. This is what Fuller describes elsewhere as the "coordination function of Law".

Further, State is deeply concerned about educated unemployment; it has been recorded 7.02 lakh in 2011 in about 25 lakhs population of the state n which Imphal East and Imphal West represent 3.30 lakhs educated unemployed registered in the employment exchange. Numbers of post graduated registered unemployed is above 13 thousands.

National Rural Employment Guaranteed Act (NREGA) had been extended to all the nine districts of Manipur w.e.f 1st April, 2008. 11, 85, 622 nos of household have been provided employment for which 433,082 nos of job cards issued. 706.14 lakh persons/mandays generated. About 130, 00 educated & uneducated youths have been benefited under Special Employment Generation Programme implemented in the State for providing gainful employment. However, In order to translate outlays into outcomes for MGNREGA, there needs to be a proper plan in place to improve the human resource situation. This exercise is not receiving requisite attention.

Manipur government has target of creating employment opportunities of about 1 lakh in various sectors by 2012. The sectors under which these employment opportunities are to be created are under Agriculture, Horti, Vety & AH, MOBC, Sericulture, Commerce & Industries, Fisheries, Social Welfare, and Tourism etc. Action Plan is being formulated by the various line deptts. However, inflow of tourists in the state is possible after improvement of law and order and after giving awareness to the people for tourist friendly guidelines and infra structural facilities are completed for tourist attraction.

Law and order has become a problem in Manipur since 1948. But the problem was not serious as we are facing in Manipur today. Police can control the situation easily. At the time of integration of Manipur with India on 15th October 1949, Manipur had only 5 Police Stations and 7 Outposts.

The strength of the Civil Police was
1 SP, 2 DSP, 5 Inspectors 11- SI , 1-SI Arm Branch, 26 ASI, 16 HC , 4-HC in Arm Branch 262 constable,48 constable arm branch .

The total strength of police was 310 personals. The total strength of the Manipur Rifles was 133; in which 1 Subedar, 3 Jamadar, 3 Habildar, 9 Naik, 95 sepoys, 5 Buglars and 13 Bandsmen.

The Superintendent of Police was also the Commandant of Manipur Rifles. The law and order situation in the hill areas of Manipur noticeably improved during the later half of 1961-62 as a result of the effective action taken by the security forces. In the same year, Shri L. Gopal Singh, the then SP brought out a booklet on the History of the Manipur Police. The crime and violent has recorded increasing both in valley and hills since 1980-81.

to be continued....