TODAY -
✦

E-Pao! Essay - Well intricated people

Well intricated people
By: Thokchom Joykumar Singh*



1. Introduction
It is a well-known fact that the hill and plain people (Ching-Mee and Tam-Mee or Meitei) have been cohabiting side by side like brothers for the time immemorial. Both the people share the food products and professionals. Plain people have been depending on the food grains, vegetables and meats produced by the hill people. And the hill people have been depending on plain people for the "Ngari" (Fermented Fish) and "Thum" (Common Salt) etc. Plain people cannot live without consuming the delicious dishes like "Soibum Iromba" (Delicious dish) for which the main ingredient, soibum (Fermented Bamboo Shoot), is produced by the hill people of Chandel District. Plain people also need to be spiced up with the "Umorok" (Hot Chilly) grown by the hill people. Hill people have been depending on the professionals like teachers and doctors mostly from plain though many of them are non-deserving candidates appointed under dubious means. Most pathetic is that there are cases where those people never go to the intended places but keep on drawing the salaries in the name of the hill people.

2. Common history
According to the history, all the different ethnic groups of Manipur are of the same Mongoloid group ( Chin-Tibeto-Burman family of tribes), and have very close similarities in their culture and traditional habits. The legend of all tribes including Meiteis claim that they originated somewhere in the north from a "kom" (cave). The hill people are closer to the plain people geographically and economically, and most of them are more closely related to plain people ethnically. In terms of history and languages, the hill people of Manipur are more closely related to the plain people than the people of Nagaland. As such for the people of Nagaland, there is no clear cut and well-written history. Anthropology and history of Naga people are not very clear and still various studies are being made on them. Most studies and books on Naga are written in English but sometimes their contents vary from one to another, confusing readers. For example, one of Naga tribe mentioned in one book never appear on another, or sub-groups are divided differently depending on different books. Historical studies shows that different group of these tribes must have arrived to the present day settlements in different waves of time and routes from China/Inner Mongolia. Moreover, in recent times some of the human genome researchers have found out the various tribes of Nagaland do not even belong to the same "genetic make up" or "genetic pool".

Some of the festivals of Manipur like "Mera Haochongba" and "Lai Haraoiba" shows the kind of inseparability of the hill and plain people. The origin of the festival is that the gods held the first Lai Haraoba on the Koubru hill, so that their descendants should imitate them and perform the same as it had been done by the deities so that they will never forget the secret and sacred story of the creation of this universe and the birth of the different lives on this earth. Not only this, at the early times, at the time of the coronation of Meitei king, he had to wear the custumes similar to the hill people.

Some common traditional semantic rituals are worth pointing out. The Meiteis believed in scape-goats to cure illness by freeing a chicken away in the woods just as the Maos and other tribes in the north did.

In the Meitei martial arts "Thang-Ta', the Ta (spear) is primarily hill people's weapon although Meiteis developed and perfected their own war technics and skills in using them. All the tribes of Manipur including Meiteis were indulging in the notorious head hunting practices at one time of their history.

Some of the common history for the hill and plain people is worth mentioning here. Before the British came, the people of the valley and the hill interacted among themselves and depended on each other for their needs though at times turbulent and other times peaceful. During the 7 years of the Burmese occupation of Manipur (1819-1925 AD), the Meiteis ran to the Tangkhuls and Kabuis in the hills and many were absorbed within them. When the Meitei king (King Gambhir Singh) with the help of British soldiers was expediting to drive out the Burmese occupiers out of Manipur, swarms of hill people joined his armies en-route to the valley.

When British was leaving India, there was a plan to keep those "Excluded Areas" (Naga Hill District) comprising of the present day Nagaland as "British Colony". That time those Nagas had refused to be so. Without settling this issue British left India. They neither wanted to join Indian Union and have been opposing Indian rule with the message "Leave us alone" since then. They also hold a local plebiscite to say "no the Indian Constitution" in 1951. Then they were attacked by the hordes of Indian Army and forcefully captured those opposing areas. None of the hill people of Manipur took part in that plebiscite, as they were happily part of Manipur. By that time Manipur had already become a part of Indian Union by signing the merger agreement (Oct. 15, 1949) under duress pressure. Nagas proudly claim that M. K. Gandhi (June 19,1947), the father of nation, had promised them the free Nagaland but it is wrong to infer that the hill people of Manipur was in his mind. All these historical records show that the hill people of Manipur were never a part of the Naga movement and they were quite settle to be part of Manipur.

3. Wrong side of the religions
The difference among the hill and plain people came only in later parts of the history after Meiteis were converted to Vaishnavism (During the reign of King Charairongba, 1704 AD) and the hill inhabitants became Christians (Rev. W. Pettigrew, 1901). After the conversion of Meiteis to Hinduism, the valley people treated the hill tribes as untouchables and called them "Hao" a derogatory meaning "uncivilized". This led to a creation of a gigantic barrier between the hill and valley people - one accepted Hinduism and the other Christianity. This kind of inhuman treatment humiliates the "proud hill people" and led to the alienation. It was a blunder from the part of Meiteis to commit such kind of divisive attitudes towards them. Continuation of this kind of alien custom will only shake and widen the time tested social fabric and fraternity among the various communities of Manipur.

Let us not divide people in the name of religions. All these religions came much latter and all are foreign to the various communities of Manipur. All the communities have been co-existing for centuries in harmony and peace. Religions can be changed but not the neighbors. We need each other's help and cooperation in fulfilling our common destiny of a making our state a developed and prosperous one. Let the people of Manipur adopt the religion of their choice but to divide people in the name of religion should be stopped on time. At the same time the people Manipur should not shed their old traditions and cultures completely by adopting the new religions. It is always better to assimilate the new religions by keeping the best of the old customs and traditions. Let us stop thinking that we are different people and antagonist to each other after adopting the alien religions. Let the true meaning of religions i.e. humanity, love and peace be prevailed in the culturally, traditionally and religiously fertile land of Manipur.

To be continued ...


* The writer can be reached at
[email protected]

Senior Research Fellow
Department of Physics
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore -560 012, INDIA
HOMEPAGE: http://physics.iisc.ernet.in/~tjk


* Comments posted by users in this discussion thread and other parts of this site are opinions of the individuals posting them (whose user ID is displayed alongside) and not the views of e-pao.net. We strongly recommend that users exercise responsibility, sensitivity and caution over language while writing your opinions which will be seen and read by other users. Please read a complete Guideline on using comments on this website.




LATEST IN E-PAO.NET
  • 228th Bheigyachandra @Nabadwip #1: Gallery
  • Violence in Manipur 2023-2026 : Timeline
  • Wildlife Week Celebration at Thanga
  • Evolving women's role in Manipur tourism
  • Where do we go from here ?
  • Training Programme on Mushroom
  • Festival look for Navratras
  • Condolence : Demise of Adino Phizo
  • Significant Delhi invite to 3 leaders
  • Heterogeneous Structure of Meitei Society
  • Concert @ 18th Orange Fest #1: Gallery
  • When water management was Statecraft
  • Who switched off the respect :: Poem
  • All is not yet lost for Manipur
  • Wildlife Conservation: Securing the Future
  • Exam : Post of Under Secretary (Law)
  • Understanding narco-terrorism
  • 1500 Burma Refugees Families in 1968-1973
  • 17th World Bamboo Day : Gallery
  • Land affected families: NH-202 in Ukhrul
  • Training Programme on PCB Repair
  • World Habitat Day 2026
  • AMR survivor & WHO call to protect medicines
  • Cut fuel taxes, not food
  • Creating chaos on roads of Imphal
  • Sushila & Bichu @Airport #1: Gallery
  • Manipuri Pony: Case for Animal Science Univ
  • Hemp plant for sustainable textile & Manipur
  • Flame of the lamp & our cultural sensibility
  • Without you :: Poem
  • Welcomes Lalremsiami, Lalthantluangi
  • On the growing roadside eateries
  • Naga Peace Process: Indo-Naga Talk: Timeline
  • 36 Names: Manipur at the Asian Games
  • Khawungsing, Lumlaola : Eming
  • Abok Ki Singju to Premiere
  • A vision fragmented by corruption :: Poem
  • Gandhi Ji's 3 monkeys and Manipur
  • AI-powered X-Rays are helping find TB
  • Mizoram Reward Lalremsiami, Lalthantluangi
  • 15 years in power Vs 10 years in power
  • Exploring The Vanishing Self #13
  • US-Manipur Digital Archiving Workshop
  • 8th Cultural/ Freshers' Meet for Rongmei
  • The Same Smoke :: Poem
  • Supriya looks at HYROX World C'ships
  • AI4SEVA Hackathon @IT SEZ, Mantripukhri
  • 38th Foundation Day- NIELIT Imphal #2
  • Heikru Hidongba @Bijoy Govinda : Gallery
  • Manipur's Indigenous Natural Farming System
  • Basic human needs a struggle for Sinakeithei
  • Demise of Pame, Marinmai, Lianvela
  • When I met the pugilist Sarita
  • 38th Foundation Day of NIELIT Imphal #1
  • Mizoram's Anthurium Festival Returns
  • Poll fever seems to be catching up
  • My attempt - Meiteilon is not Tibeto-Burman
  • XXXII National Thang-Ta C'ship concluded
  • One Village One Product: A better alternative
  • When machines can answer, who will judge ?
  • Explain motive- Tronglaobi Terror Attack
  • Merger of 5 elected members of NPP
  • Namghar Unites Assam & Maharashtra
  • Trade and commerce : In a limbo
  • 130th Irawat Anniversary : Gallery
  • Lamyanba Irabot Day at Itanagar
  • Irabot's Ideals Remembered at Mumbai
  • Coffee as a sustainable alternative to poppy
  • Her Godname :: Poem
  • Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome
  • Rejoinder to NPCC
  • Need to get priorities right
  • Irawat and Meetei National question
  • XXXII National Junior Thang-Ta C'ship
  • World Heart Day 2026: Don't miss a beat
  • Science in everyday life
  • Nature Education Workshop
  • Rejoinder to Dr S C Jamir
  • Daslakshan Mahaparva: Festival of 10 supreme
  • Focus back on SoO camps
  • Raengdai Vs NEROCA : Durand Cup : Gallery
  • October Calendar for Year 2026 : Tools
  • Lebensraum or ethnic cleansing
  • World Alzheimer's Day 2026
  • Sensitization Workshop on POSH
  • Mourns Passing of Aribam Shantimo
  • Lecture on 'Indigenous Knowledge Systems'
  • Rejects allegations by NPCC President
  • The narrative Manipur needs
  • Tour Diaries of Maxwell & Higgins #2
  • Laitonjam Rishikanta @ Asian Bodybuilding
  • First poster of Interlude released
  • In the womb of time :: Poem
  • Running an abnormal State
  • Khunung Eshei & Mukna competitions
  • Conference: Challenge in Sustainable Science
  • Rolling back the highway blockade
  • Exploring The Vanishing Self #12
  • Manipur Mesopotamia Force WWI : Gallery
  • PhD in Manipur : Fund it, Fix it
  • Many Voices, One State: Manipur's dilemma
  • Me and Moon: Both do the night shift : Poem
  • Putting rights: Body autonomy & sexual health
  • Green Tea for beauty
  • Yaoshang Thabal @Khurai #2: Gallery
  • AI = Arangpham Intelligence, the Frankenstein
  • World Pharmacists' Day 2026
  • Tapes of 1979 Film 'Ashroy' Discovered
  • From Pangaea to the unpredictable Earth
  • In a Crooked Room :: Poem
  • Debt recovery should be done, but within law
  • Regionalism : New political flavour
  • Chali-Saba - Kang Ningol Palli #1: Gallery
  • Book Release: Exploring The Vanishing Self
  • The Echo After Forever :: Poem
  • The paradox of Kukiland
  • Dr Wairokpam Yaiphaba : Fulbright Fellowship
  • Essay, Painting & Speech Competitions
  • Manipur : Mixture of opposites
  • Naothingkhong & Pitanga #1: Hearthside Story
  • Meiteilon is still not a Tibeto-Burman language
  • 52nd Foundation Day of AMWJU : Gallery
  • The chokehold on Manipur's potential
  • Another Langban has com :: Poem
  • Ageing needs a gendered human rights
  • Mizoram's 2026 festival season opened
  • Inspect the SoO camps
  • 61st Hunger Marchers' Day #2 : Gallery
  • lEkoLdugi warisiH :: Seireng
  • Can Strong Anti-Racism Law save NE Indians
  • Before Building a Viksit Bharat, Learning
  • Quality planting for Pineapple & Banana
  • Seminar: Career Options in Life Sciences
  • Fitclass Gym Moti Nagar Opens
  • Burning hills of Manipur
  • Culturals @Beating of Retreat #4 : Gallery
  • Memo to Union Home Minister
  • Recollections: My past experience & episode
  • The tragedy of the thinking mind
  • Rejoinder to K. Therie
  • Four MCS Officers appointed to IAS
  • International Day of Peace
  • Namghar, to be inuagarated at Sarhad
  • Time for people to lay down the agenda
  • Justice for 6 Liangmai Nagas #2 : Gallery
  • 17th World Bamboo Day 2026
  • 12th Manipur Legislative Assembly : Gallery
  • The 731, and those who may follow
  • Reflecting on 21st September
  • BRICS India 2026 : Role of India
  • If BJP/NDA wants to come back
  • Marking comeback of loadshedding
  • Exploring The Vanishing Self #11
  • Little Flower School, 1973 batch : Gallery
  • Bichu Kharibam: FIH Magic Skill Award
  • The Symphony of the Stain :: Poem
  • Moringa seeds of hope take root
  • Job Plan : The major job of Govt of Manipur
  • Training Programme on Mushroom
  • Tour Diaries of Maxwell & Higgins #1
  • BRICS at New Delhi 2026
  • Reimagining Manipur: Hackathon Competition
  • NE - heavier downpours & longer dry spells
  • A new dawn after your departure :: Poem
  • Hindi Pakhwada 2026 concluded
  • Seminar on Scientific Writing
  • Happy tidings for scribes of Manipur
  • Ningol Phida - Shumang Leela #2 : Gallery
  • Study: Social Worker on Counselling Practice
  • Foreigner's Tribunal: A solution for Manipur
  • India-Myanmar boundary : Mistakes of 1967
  • Which one is which ? :: Poem
  • The EMI generation: Young people on credit
  • Radio E-pao: 5 new songs updated
  • Chiru Maroi : Scientific Documentation
  • BRICS Summit 2026: The rise of global south
  • Manipur- Best Performing State- IEMI 2025
  • Academic Administration Course @MU
  • World Ozone Day 2026
  • Lakshadweep's #endTB blueprint for India
  • 'Othering' the North East folks
  • To our star Tamo Vicky, Vikram Chongtham
  • Vice President visited Manipur : Gallery
  • Celebrating the architect of our future
  • Cost of complacency- Manipur must demand
  • Condemns Recent Killings & Violence
  • Thadou Martyrs' Day observed
  • North East Creator Circuit 2026 Debut
  • From Feb to Sep: What is happening ?
  • Langban Tha Katchaba @Haying #1 : Gallery
  • Targeting 1 Naga voice stirred Naga solidarity
  • Mushroom Cultivation Training concluded
  • 59th Engineers' Day Celebration
  • We, the only protectors :: Poem
  • Hiring @ 4-Star Hotel in Udupi
  • Rejoinder to Dr S C Jamir & CNFN
  • Guns and arson in the hills
  • Ibudhou Pakhangba Haraoba #1 : Gallery
  • Why Manipur Govt has no power in hills
  • Anti-Rabies Vaccination Camp
  • 2026 NAMA Research Grant
  • Why Gor and Gori were in Manipur ?
  • My Run :: Poem
  • Support Flood-Affected Families in Sivasagar
  • Reeling under one issue & the other
  • Exploring The Vanishing Self #10
  • Protest by Researchers @DM Univ : Gallery
  • Rs 5.20 Crores settled in 3rd Lok Adalat
  • Coins of Morning :: Poem
  • Dengue Fever : Diagnosis | Prevention
  • Observance of Thadou Martyrs' Day 2026
  • Condemns Tragic Loss of Chongtham Vikram
  • Meitei Esei
  • US Ambassador @ CM Mantripukhri : Gallery
  • Chongtham Vikram: Delhi Cannot Explain Away
  • A teacher does not leave when his classroom
  • Advanced Bootcamp on Swarm Drones
  • Solidarity With Naga Community
  • Dikho abstains from Cabinet Meeting
  • Blockade hurts no one but common man
  • 'Meeyamgi Khollao Khongchat' #1 : Gallery
  • Users and Abusers of Words
  • Suicide Prevention in the age of social media
  • The red junglefowl: The principal wild ancestor
  • Condemns Killing of Chongtham Vikram
  • Defending women rights against anti-rights
  • Grade-A Mall & Hotel in Guwahati
  • On having completed 27 years in print
  • Candle Light- Chongtham Vikram : Gallery
  • Manipuri Pony Heritage Talk to Students
  • Souls with no sacred flame :: Poem
  • International Primate Day 2026
  • Misuse of Tapentadol: A grave danger
  • Colonial records: Hill Areas, 1891-1947
  • Joint Resolution: Abrogation of SoO
  • NRC in Manipur : Time for 'walk the talk'
  • Elimination of Racial Discrimination
  • Manipur after conflict: Shared hope
  • Condemn Arson at Lhungjang Primary School
  • International Literacy Day 2026
  • Demands Abrogation of SoO
  • Decision to stay away from Assembly
  • Justice for 6 Liangmai Nagas #1 : Gallery
  • Manipur Can Simply Be Manipur
  • PhD Admission at Assam University
  • What delimitation could mean for Manipur
  • Exploring The Vanishing Self #9
  • Teachers' Day Celebration : Gallery
  • Census 2027 for Manipur deferred
  • Read Meitei Mayek news in romanized English
  • NEROCA Vs Navy : Durand Cup : Gallery
  • 24-hour Gen Strike (Sep 1) : Gallery
  • Panthoibi Anoi Khuthek #1 : Gallery
  • Book on the History of Manipur released
  • 48-hour General Strike by JFD #3 : Gallery
  • Culturals from Manipur at Delhi Fashion Week
  • The flame of Haipou Jadonang
  • Kang Khichri Chaba #2 : Gallery
  • Census deferred & NRC begins
  • Relevance of NRC, 1951 for immigrants
  • 61st Hunger Marchers' Day #1 : Gallery
  • Featured Front Page Photo 2026 #4: Gallery
  • The King Who Caught a Bird : Konthoupa
  • Meira Rally 'No NRC, No Census' : Gallery
  • FC Reangdai Vs TRAU : Durand Cup : Gallery
  • 48-hour General Strike by JFD #2 : Gallery
  • Manipur Expeditionary Force, World War I
  • Waqf Amendment Act: An Analysis
  • 135th Patriots' Day @ Thangal Tomb : Gallery
  • 48-hour General Strike by JFD #1 : Gallery
  • 35th Manipuri Language Day, 20 August
  • 135th Patriots' Day @ Hicham : Gallery
  • Ibudhou Thangjing Haraoba #2 : Gallery
  • Wakol Laoba : A Philosophical Analysis
  • Lifetime Achievement Award for 4 Scientists
  • 13th CM Kang Tournament : Gallery
  • The chappals we leave behind
  • Search 25 years of e-pao.net
  • North East India Fest @ London : Gallery
  • Colonial Knowledge Production in NE India #23
  • 360° panoramic view of spots in Manipur
  • Final Merit List : Manipur Civil Services 2022
  • PUCL Tribunal report: A shadow of partiality #3
  • PUCL Tribunal report: A shadow of partiality #2
  • PUCL Tribunal report: A shadow of partiality #1