TODAY -

E-Pao! Drug Awareness Education - Hey Computer Science Student!!!

Hey Computer Science Student!!!

sinuxs *



Are you arguably enjoying your intellectual fun with computer or just playing the mundane things of watching movies and listening songs?

Have you ever struck once or ever imagine, out of curiosity, how and why things work out inside a computer system?

Or, you simply think that it works like that, otherwise it won't incredibly be!

Are you not curious to know what's going at your computer system the moment you pass the 230 volt AC? Or, did you convict yourself pithily that the whole year of your life will be just going to keep on praising the discoveries of others?

Ken Thompson wrote the UNIX operating system in the 70s.
Richard Stallman started the GNU revolution in the 80's;
Bill Gates co-programmed the whole BASIC language then.
Larry Wall started Perl Language.
Linus Torvalds started writing the Linux operating system in the 90s.
Larry Page and Sergin Brin started the Google.
Tim O'rielly coined the web2.0 - the online networking system.
Mark Zuckerberg founded the 'FaceBook' in 2004.

What else could be next? - The coming of second life? My answer is straight and simple forward - You can do anything as innovative as these people are, as long as you're curious to know what's happening inside the computer box, at the same time, the eagerness to know why these people are doing those.

Simply raising curiosity on somebody's discovery doesn't make sense at all. Be a part of the discovery and then only going to feel a fun for being a part of it. I just make fun with Linux kernel.

Linux is incredibly a beautiful intimidating beast of a kind of operating system. It's evolving and its revolution has done it pompously already a decade ago. So often, I keep on wondering (and praising) why all the efficient algorithms and parameters of a known computer science paradigm are put on this open source kernel.

And frequently, I keep on asking myself, why the computer science students are not tempted to comprehend this beast instead of going through the despicable-cranky four year course. Every Linux kernel version assures to possibly deprecate the old concepts as much as scintillating the new efficient ones.

The x-86 assembly languages, the c data structures, the hardware dependency algorithms, the platform independent compilation techniques, the improving algorithms of CPU and hardware resource manager, the excusable borrowed concepts from contemporary operating systems and much more.

Where could you get such privilege to know all in one thing? Of course, the Linux kernel code is seriously intimidating. It is. But it's not written by an alien or Martian species. It's by our fellow being only. And even then, it's not written in cryptic zeroes and ones machine language - it's written in human readable form.

Why should be seriously find inexplicable excuse on the size of the subject? Why it shouldn't be fun? You got the opportunity to learn the assembly language while going through the booting phase - the process of loading the Linux kernel when the system is started first time.

While at the booting stage, you got the real mode assembly environment with the system BIOS calls and many possible things to interact with your basic hardware - CPU, mouse, disk, and adapter. These are seriously easy because the documentation is right there always at the finger of your tip - Google.

This in fact enforces you to learn the assembly language. Is this not practically a fun to learn one of your computer science courses - Assembly Language? Learning assembly language means learning underlying computer architecture - the Intel Microprocessor.

Now, your Microprocessor course is coming into picture. Interacting and configuring the hardware components through BIOS calls let you know why these damn BIOS is required during your computer start.

And BIOS is a read only memory implies the implication that all physical memory is not only RAM sticks but ROM stick also. Now you are going to know the concept of memory holes. Physical memory is not a contiguous addressable bytes but do contains a holes (a reserve space you cannot store user programs) - those region mapped by a system ROM and memory mapped devices.

Now the booting phase let the BIOS stores the interrupt vector table (an array of Interrupt service Routines) on the first part of the memory, letting you know the reason of "why my computer restarts on pressing 'CTRL-ALT-DEL' ".

During booting phase, you are required to know the Intel 8086 architecture and the 386 or Pentium architecture like real mode, protected mode, GDT, IDT, LDT (descriptor tables), cache mapping (n-way set-associative), paging, segmentation etc. Is this not the practical way of learning Microprocessor?

Now the booting phase is terminated (after basic initialization of the available hardware: Searching of hardware is done by a python script - anaconda.) by laying out the basic execution environment to run the c program. I'm describing a little bit to let you know how simple it is.

Linux kernel is nothing but a big c program with seemingly interspersed mingling of complex computer algorithms. At this first stage, no compiler/linker is there. The Linux kernel code has to manage itself to have its own execution environment.

It has defined its own stack (for any function/system call), page table (for mapping linear/virtual address to physical page), and Interrupt descriptor table (for any interrupt). These things imply that you've to define an efficient data structure for storing these kernel related data.

An algorithm is closely related with the underlying data structure which it's going to manipulate. The efficiency of the code depends on the complexity of the algorithm and this complexity is again a function of the data structure which it's going to handle.

For instance, you cannot apply quick sort algorithm on a large set of data. Because, worse case complexity is O(n square). That means the running time is at most the square of the size of input. The more the input, the horrible the running time will be. Choosing a better data structure implies knowing the algorithmic complexity of its associated algorithm.

For instance, sorting of a small set of data, people normally refer quick sort. But for large set of data, Heap sort is preferably use (complexity=O(nlogn)). Why not Merge sort? - the complexity equal to Heap-sort.

The space complexity of Heap sort is constant where as Merge sort is O(n). This is the reason. For your information, O(n) gives the time complexity (upper bound - ATMOST) and (n) gives the space-complexity(lower bound - ATLEAST).

All these pictures will be requiring painting if you seriously want to know why a particular thing or data structure is oriented or applied in Linux code. Linus Torvalds always ensures to use the best known algorithm at any point of Linux.

If a particular data structure is found to be incompatible with the real world, he will promise to deprecate it soon. One thing was happening at the scheduler of Linux version<=2.4. The complexity was O(n) - linearly dependent on the number of run able processes.

Whereas the latest running Linux version >=2.5 has O(1) - a constant time. O(1) (of Ingor Monar) implies that the running time is independent of the number of run able processes. Linux scheduler will execute at the same pace no matter how many run able processes are waiting on the processor queue.

Another conspicuous thing happens is on virtual region data structure. A virtual region is a homogeneous contiguous address space in a virtual address space like code segment, data segment or stack segment. Previously (24), the region is solely represented by AVL tree (balance binary tree of balance factor=1).

Now red-black tree also comes into picture at this structure. AVL is use for searching and red-black tree is use for insertion/deletion. The suddenly acceptation of Andrea Arcangeli's Red Black Tree implementation (of virtual regions) by Linus Torvalds is a noted one.

Linus has never been compromise on efficiency. Both the Binary Search Trees has the same efficiency theoretically (complexity of O(logn)) but practically, RB Tree shows good performance in the long run, because each tree requires rotation to balance itself.

The complexity of rotation in AVL Tree is more expensive (O(logn)) than the RB Tree (O(1)). When you come across here, you need to know the various possible operations of AVL and Red-Black Trees and how to implement them. Is this not a good way to learn computer science data structures? I bet you are.

Every data structure or code snippet gives the reason to think why it's like this and NOT that way. And the moments of knowing those REASONS are the real FUN to appreciate. Learning computer science subject theoretically is a real boredom. You learn it. You forgot it.

You start feeling computer as a multimedia kit. And finally, you start abusing the computer. And eventually, you end up in praising the innovations of others. And this loop continues forever. I'm saying from my point of experience. Learning Linux kernel is a FUN.

The only thing requires is the passion of learning. I know recently and exactly why Linus Torvalds said it so. Learning something is learning to help others. Today whole world is using Linux unbelievably at the cost of thousands of hackers. Knowledge sharing is the key to real happiness.

Knowledge sharing is again unbelievably easier these days at the cost of Google. I believe Google will always been inspire many generations to come. Hundreds of Linux hacker started migrating to Google. The use of Linux kernel in the recent Google Mobile OS, Android is a major step.

Ankit Fadia has properly coined today's generation - ICE AGE. ICE stands for Information Communication Entertainment. The coming of web 2.0 is the real boon of this running decade with social networking (Blogs) giving intense perspective.

We're started living at an environment where geography is the only barrier. Wikipedia and Face book have been the future promising web buzzwords. With all these tools and things, there is nothing sort of information a person can look for. The web is a learning platform.

There lies the real potential to search and discover your own talents. You might have stopped learning. But the web never stops.

If you're a serious programmer, come and join the real fun of learning new things. Among them, Linux is also waiting to play with you.

Playground: www.google.com

"If Linux is not FUN... why to DO it?" - Linus Torvalds


* sinuxs contributed this article to e-pao.net . The writer can be contacted at sinuxs(at)yahoo(dot)com . This article was webcasted on 21st December 2007.


* Comments posted by users in this discussion thread and other parts of this site are opinions of the individuals posting them (whose user ID is displayed alongside) and not the views of e-pao.net. We strongly recommend that users exercise responsibility, sensitivity and caution over language while writing your opinions which will be seen and read by other users. Please read a complete Guideline on using comments on this website.




LATEST IN E-PAO.NET
  • Protests - AT arrest [Jun 8 night] : Gallery
  • Violence in Manipur 2023-2025 : Timeline
  • Review of 'Rain Stopping in Manipur'
  • Highway blockades trigger soaring prices
  • Voice of the Masses :: Poem
  • Congress may claim if none
  • Learning new skills related to AI
  • Delhi, Raj Bhavan: Losing the plot ?
  • CBI arrest after Governor clemency assurance
  • Aftermath of flooding @ Khurai #1 : Gallery
  • Amuthoiba, Gaisimpu, Horyaola : eMing
  • Appeals Home Minister not to renew SoO
  • Self-defence :: Poem
  • When will humans learn nature's lessons ?
  • Forgotten voices of drug users in Manipur
  • High-yielding RC Manichakhao-1
  • PC Editorial Blank Space : June 09 2025
  • TSE Editorial Blank Space : June 09 2025
  • Flooding at JNIMS Hospital #2 : Gallery
  • North East NSS Festival @ MU : Gallery
  • Namphakey - A Thai Tradition in Assam
  • Understanding Manipur's recurring floods
  • Constitutional role, professional functions
  • Moscow Wushu C'ship: Manipur - 16 medals
  • The Power of Poppy - 84 :: Poem
  • 27th Meira Paibi Numit : Gallery
  • Micromanager vs Leader
  • Valedictory Function of NE NSS Festival
  • WED at various campuses in Manipur
  • World Environment Day 2025
  • Trump's tariff legacy & its global echo
  • Skin Cycling
  • MU: On reaching a milestone
  • WED observance amid flood crisis
  • Flooding at JNIMS Hospital #1 : Gallery
  • Environment Day @Chingmeirong : Gallery
  • Manipur's unyielding struggle for identity
  • Manipur youth lead the way in organic farming
  • Moscow Wushu : Manipur 2 gold & 16 medals
  • World Environment Day at MTI-HUB
  • World Environment Day at Ukhrul
  • Local actions for a global plastic-free future
  • Raj Bhavan since Feb 13, 2025
  • Time to focus on post-flood activities
  • Colonial Knowledge in NE India #3
  • Manipur is more than a name
  • Manipur Hill Areas Act, 1967 : Download
  • Cervical cancer remains 4th biggest cancer
  • Frontline Lessons of entrepreneurial burnout
  • Till death do us apart :: Poem
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Hidden enemy
  • The rain from May 28 to Jun 3
  • Resettlement assurance by ministry officials
  • Flooding Imphal East [31 May] #3 : Gallery
  • Strategic erosion of State authority in Manipur
  • Application : Film Appreciation Course
  • H Ranita leads revolution through SMILE
  • Water logging and floods of MLAs
  • NE In-Charge: Shri Sharda Sarvagya Peeth
  • Stand against border fencing
  • Lessons to learn from consecutive flood
  • Flooding Imphal East [31 May] #2 : Gallery
  • Call for permanent solution to recurring Flood
  • Manipur : Champions 25th Natl Wushu C'ship
  • North East NSS Festival 2025 at MU
  • Healing with Art for children at Relief Camps
  • Restricted movement on NH-02 stalls growth
  • The cadence of life :: Poem
  • The other side of the tragedy
  • Fund misuse slur as Imphal faces flood
  • Flooding Imphal East [31 May] #1 : Gallery
  • Precedent Rodent: The new architect of flood
  • Declare flood in Manipur as "State Calamity"
  • Commitment to end tobacco must translate...
  • The World Goes On :: Poem
  • Tracing the arc of tool making
  • Of rain & more rain & flood
  • NE no more immune to natural disasters
  • Sarangthem Nirupama at Miss Universe India
  • S Nirupama @Miss Universe : Gallery
  • Leimapokpam Ranjita: Nightingale Award
  • Dina Oinam transforming "Waste to Wealth"
  • The Power of Poppy - 83 :: Poem
  • Stop Targeting Against Meetei IDPs
  • Urges Action on Flood Negligence
  • Manipur Hill Areas Act, 1967 #4
  • Helpless Meiteis in their own land, Manipur
  • 9 Signs of a Person Who Truly Leads
  • Open Letter to Prime Minister
  • My life journey: Texas - Lone Star State
  • Summer hair masks
  • 'Free movement will take time'
  • Food grain sufficiency amid flood threat
  • Colonial Knowledge in NE India #2
  • June Calendar for Year 2025 : Tools
  • Women entrepreneurs on biodiversity
  • Management: Etymology- academic discipline
  • Quiet Things :: Poem
  • Condemns attack on NE Shopowner in Delhi
  • Shifting goalpost : Emerging political experts
  • Peaceful protest, so far
  • 2nd Emoinu Fish Festival #2 : Gallery
  • INNOTECH Fest 2025 for Manipur Startup
  • Condolence of Prof J V Narlikar at MU
  • Toxic politics of selling addiction to children
  • Citizens pay, officials delay
  • Tripura Esports Championship Season 1
  • Back from Delhi on 'positive' notes
  • Rooting for withdrawal of PR post Gwaltabi
  • Protesters to Raj Bhavan [May 25]: Gallery
  • The silent guardian of Manipur's environment
  • Strengthening Emergency Medicine in Manipur
  • Manipur's fragile truce between identity
  • Manipur Budget 2025-26: Unequal sharing #2
  • NE youths jobseeker in Delhi : Hospitality
  • My mother, Miss World :: Poem
  • A popular Govt: A better option ?
  • Governor skirts protesters, heightens tension
  • Human Chain @Airport road [May 26]: Gallery
  • Sanatan Sammelan in Manipur
  • 'Great Myna' conservation reaping success
  • WMC Manipur Unit AGM held
  • Wabi Sabi: A unique Japanese philosophy
  • Rescind Siang Dam, Arunachal
  • Another round of talk at Delhi
  • COCOMI-MHA meeting amid Gwaltabi
  • Manipur Hill Areas Act, 1967 #3
  • MoU signed between MDB & GPR Law
  • Guide for Job Seekers & Emerging Leaders
  • NERIST & NIELIT Itanagar Sign MoU
  • The Last Step: Celebrating Manipuri Dance
  • Faint Cries :: Poem
  • Reservation: Privilege or Real Justice ?
  • The virus is still very much alive
  • Bitter, sweet moments of Shirui Lily fest
  • Miss Shirui Pageant Contestant: Gallery
  • Meetei Mayek Summer Camp in Kolkata
  • Where hills hum hope, but ground trembles
  • Manipur railway driving growth & connectivity
  • Point-of-care health technologies
  • The Power of Poppy - 82 :: Poem
  • Colonial Knowledge in NE India #1
  • Manipur Budget 2025-26: Unequal sharing #1
  • Edible insects in biodiversity conservation
  • Mukesh Ambani at NE Investors Summit
  • Bees inspired by nature to nourish us all
  • Influencers! Responsibility should also go viral
  • Natural sunscreen: Exploring safe alternatives
  • Central forces dictating terms in the plains
  • Land of Shirui Lily: Manipur is this & more
  • 48 hrs Bandh: protest security forces: Gallery
  • Manipur is no empty word to be played with
  • Admission for B.Tech, M.Tech at DUIET
  • Condemnation: Govt & Mahar Regiment
  • Dress code, debating etiquette in democracy
  • Cervical cancer prevention through HPV
  • Beauty :: Poem
  • Utter disregard of public sentiment
  • Whispers between Beads & Silences #2
  • Bonds of love across the Burmese border
  • Investigate the action of Mahar Regiment
  • Shirui Lily Festival fosters brotherhood
  • Shining a light on retinoblastoma
  • Trump for Nobel peace prize
  • Protest Rally: Journalist harassment: Gallery
  • Action against harassment to journalists
  • Still, believe :: Poem
  • Change How You Think About Time
  • Nagas preserve heritage through handloom
  • India's declared undeclared war
  • Sanatan Sammelan 2025 at Imphal
  • No 'Manipur' in Manipur order
  • Improvised security steps for Shirui Lily fest !
  • Purul (Hiimai) Paoki Fest #3 : Gallery
  • Youth Empowerment at Shirui Lily Festival
  • Indo-Naga Talks (From 2012) :: Timeline
  • Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai
  • Audit for TB deaths is missing in #EndTB
  • Realm of Power :: Poem
  • Hospitals: Learn a bit about hospitality
  • Keeping the ST for Meiteis demand alive
  • Raking up ST issue as tension grips state
  • Manipur Hill Areas Act, 1967 #2
  • Welcome & Appeal from Shirui Village
  • Thoudam Akashini: Champion master athlete
  • National Endangered Species Day 2025
  • Avert Ego, Soul Near Me :: Poem
  • Clarification regarding News Coverage on AIR
  • Coming back after 4 years: Shirui Lily Fest
  • Festival to test efficiency of SFs
  • 76th Indian Republic Day #5 : Gallery
  • Khuraijam Phulendra Singh
  • Media role in preserving culture & harmony
  • World Hypertension Day 2025
  • Army Veterans pay tribute to Martyr Constable
  • The Power of Poppy - 81 :: Poem
  • Yaoshang Cooking competition : Gallery
  • Rejoice Singh: Makeup / Prosthetic: Gallery
  • Project Associate @ Assam University
  • Internship @ IEEE CIS Kolkata Chapter
  • Article 371C : Role of Governor & HAC #2
  • Recognize real ability, not marks
  • The rise of information warfare
  • Skin care routine for summer
  • Over three months of President's Rule
  • Toiling to reinstate Govt sans consensus
  • Whispers between Beads & Silences #1
  • Just to See :: Poem
  • Artisan blends craft to empower women
  • Chief Justice at Moirang Relief Camp
  • Lalruattluanga win at TrendVision Finale
  • Manipur mourn Deepak Chingakham
  • Strategic shift to underdeveloped regions
  • Candid NSCN (IM) make stand clear
  • Tourism festival under threat
  • 'Yelhou Yangkok Artist' Exhibit #3 : Gallery
  • Cultural @ Tri-Nation Football #2 : Gallery
  • HSLC 2025: Full Result (Check Roll No)
  • HSLC 2025: Important Info & Grading System
  • HSLC 2025 : Compartmental candidates
  • HSLC 2025 : Comparative Statement
  • HSLC 2025 : Statistical Abstract
  • HSLC 2025 : District Pass Percentage
  • HSLC 2025 : Govt School Pass %
  • HSLC 2025 : Aided School Pass %
  • HSLC 2025 : Private School Pass %
  • 21st Ningtham Kumhei #2 : Gallery
  • People's Convention on 3rd May #2 : Gallery
  • Interview with Rejoice Singh- Makeup Artist
  • Featured Front Page Photo 2025 #2: Gallery
  • Nongkhrang Ehanba @ Lilong : Gallery
  • People's Convention on 3rd May #1 : Gallery
  • Radio E-pao: New Channel - Khunung Eshei
  • Khongjom Day - April 23 #2 : Gallery
  • The Waterbirds of Loktak Lake
  • Imoinu Erat Thouni @Kangla : Gallery
  • Statues of 7 Maichous @Kyamgei : Gallery
  • Riya Khwairakpam : HSE Science Topper
  • Keisham Hannah : HSE Arts Topper
  • Warepam Lidia : HSE Commerce Topper
  • HSE 2025 Result : Science Full Result
  • HSE 2025 Result : Arts Full Result
  • HSE 2025 Result : Commerce Full Result
  • HSE 2025 Information / Abbreviation
  • HSE 2025 Topper : Science
  • HSE 2025 Topper : Arts
  • HSE 2025 Topper : Commerce
  • HSE 2025 : Pass Percentage
  • HSE 2025 : Result Abstract
  • HSE 2025 : Candidates with Highest Marks
  • Khongjom Day - April 23 #1 : Gallery
  • Cheiraoba by Manipuri in Korea : Gallery
  • Ougri Lirol :: Part 1 : Ooba Video
  • President's Rule in Manipur : 1967 - 2025
  • Downloadable Manipuri Calendar :: 2025