TODAY -

E-Pao! Manipur - The First Annual Administration Report

The First Annual Administration Report
— of the political agency of Manipur —
By:- Usham Dhananjoy Singh *



The annual administration report is a very valuable document. As the name indicates, it is published annually except in case of war or natural calamities. For instance, the annual administration report for the year 1890-91 could not be published due to the internal disturbances of 1891 as all the relevant documents/ materials were burnt down.

Similarly no administration reports were published for the year 1941-42 and 1942-43, the records of this period being, owing to the Second World War, incomplete. The main events of these years were, however included in the administration report for the year 1943-44.

The first annual report of the Political Agency was written by Assistant Surgeon R Brown FRCSE, Political Agent, Manipur. It was submitted to JJ Wheeler, Esq Assistant Secretary to Govt of India Foreign Department. It was submitted in accordance with instructions conveyed in the officiating secretary Foreign Department's letter No 305 of 29th March 1867.

The political agency was established in 1835. An extract from a minute by Lord William Bentinck, dated 7th Feb 1835 reads 'The Preservation of a friendly intercourse and as a medium of communication with the Manipur Govt, and as occasion may require, with the Burmese authorities on that frontiers and more especially to prevent border feuds and disturbances which might lead to hostilities between the Manipurians and the Burmese, it may be necessary to return as officer in the character of political agent in that quarter.

Lieutenant Gordon whose ability, intelligence and local knowledge have more than once been brought favourably to the notice of Govt, seems to be well qualified for this situation and I beg to propose that he may be appointed to it on a consolidated salary of Rs 1,000 per mensem.

Lieutenant Gordon will receive his instruction from and correspond directly with the Secretary to Govt of Bengal in the political department (A Mackencie - The North East Frontier of India, p 153 Delhi 1989). Thus the political agency was established in 1835, but the first Annual Report was published in 1867 only. It contains 50 paragraphs.

Paragraph 7 of the Report described about the road from Silchar to Imphal. It reads: The length of the road from the station of Silchar to the capital of Munnipore is about 103 miles, about 25 of this distance lies in British territory, the rest in Munnipore.

The first stage of the road is from Cachar, nearly due east, to Luckipore, about 14 miles nearly midway the Barak river (the river on whose banks Silchar is situated) has to be crossed by ferry boat, and near Luckipore, the Siree Khal, a nullah crossed by a temporary bridge in the dry season and ferry boat in the rains, this part of the road is nearly level throughout.

At Luckipore, although in British territory, the Munnipores have a small station or thannah with a soobadar in charge. Leaving Luckipore and still proceeding in the same easterly direction, the road almost immediately enters a low range arable hills, whereon tea cultivation was formerly carried on to some extent, but is now entirely abandoned.

Immediately before reaching the Jeree River, which constitutes the boundary at this place between British and Munnipore territory the road passes through a large tea garden extending quite to the river. On the western or British side of the frontier, on the river's bank, is situated a small stockade occupied by a few police and immediately opposite, the first of four large rivers which have to be crossed before Munnipore is reached, is easily fordable in the dry weather, and when crossed by me in January was furnished with a bamboo bridge, with supports in the river sufficient to allow the passage of footmen.

Paragraph 20 of the report described about a merchant of Somarcand, in Central Asia selling his goods to the Raja of Samjok. It reads: A case of considerable interest, and which has existed for many years lies between a merchant residing in Munnipore and the Raja of Samjok.

It would appear that merchant who is not a Munipore but a native of Samarcand, in Central Asia came to Munnipore 12 or 13 years ago, with a venture of cloth else worth about Rupees 3000, he proceeded towards Burmah, but while at Sumjok the Raja of that place offered to dispose of the goods and became responsible for the price thereof. This was agreed to, but after the good had been parted with; much difficulty was experienced in realizing the cash for them.

After a great deal of trouble, and after the political agent had taken the matter up, the money was, with the exception of Rupees 1,300 recovered for some reason or other the case seems to have been allowed to rest at this stage for a period of seven years and on the matter having have again revived by me, it is alleged by the Sumjok Raja that the claim has been settled.

As there would be no use in representing the mater further in that direction I have informed Bahadoor Khan, the merchant in question, that should he still wish to press his claim, his best plan will be to lay the case before the nearest Burmese official, supported by what documents or witness he may have to bring forward.

Paragraph 27 of the Report confirmed that Theebomi or Khima belonged to Manipur. It reads: Being anxious to gain as much information about the State of the case as I could, I communicated with Colonel Mc Culloh, who from his long residence here might be supposed to know to whom the village belonged.

He wrote me, 'Khee or Theebomi and Kotinema are one and the same, it belongs to Munnipore, was reduced by Raja's father and as you will see from paragraph 8 of my letter No 2 of 9th January 1867, has always been recognised as belonging to Munnipore.

The following is the paragraph in question which forms part of a letter to the commissioner of Assam:-

'8. I am quite unacquainted with the new scheme of administration about to be introduced in the Naga Hils, to which you refer in your letter No 398, dated 10th October 1866, to the address of the secretary to the Govt of Bengal, but if in prosecution of it, it be necessary to advance the British boundary, I have shown that the line of 1842 could not be claimed as a right, and within, that is, north of that line, are villages such as Khebomi, Tuengal, Phweelong, which have all along been recognized as belonging to Munnipore and there may be others, but I can find no one in this country acquainted with the line in its whole extent; such villages could not of course, be assumed'.

Para 5 of the Report reads as follows:

'Since my arrival in the country I have been serupulously careful not to interfere in any way with the internal affairs of the country, although I have, when occasion offered, always stated my opinions freely when felt called upon to do so. If I have erred in my duty, I believe it has rather been on the side of doing two little than too much, thinking this the safest plan in any case where one's knowledge of the country is necessarily imperfect.

WS Seton - Karr, Esq Secy to Govt of India, Foreign Dept with GG wrote to Assistant Surgeon R Brown FR CSE, Political Agent Munnipore, vide letter no. 1064 dated 19th Sept 1868 that he had laid before the Viceroy and Governor General in Council the first annual report of the Agency.

And he was directed to communicate the observations and order of the Viceroy and Governor General in Council. Regarding the concluding paragraph of the report, it reads: 12. With reference to your concluding paragraph, His Excellency in Council desires me to state that he approves of the course pursued by you in not interfering with the internal affairs of the country, except when invited to do so.

As, however, you again experience of the Rajah's management of his habits and of the feelings of the people generally, it is obvious that questions may present themselves in which you can offer useful advice or interpose successfully, with that moral influence which a political authority is often enabled to exercise with independent States and chiefs'


* Usham Dhananjoy Singh wrote this article on The Sangai Express.
This article was webcasted on 16 March 2006.


* Comments posted by users in this discussion thread and other parts of this site are opinions of the individuals posting them (whose user ID is displayed alongside) and not the views of e-pao.net. We strongly recommend that users exercise responsibility, sensitivity and caution over language while writing your opinions which will be seen and read by other users. Please read a complete Guideline on using comments on this website.




LATEST IN E-PAO.NET
  • 21st Ningtham Kumhei Fest #1 : Gallery
  • Violence in Manipur 2023-2025 : Timeline
  • Wathenela, Wattabi, Ngayinpam : eMing
  • Demographic for balkanisation of Manipur
  • Training on Mushroom Cultivation at Nambol
  • Jugeshwor Kshetrimayum receives GELA 2025
  • Construction Committee of Meetei Yumpham
  • Call against misuse of social media
  • Positive & negative aspects of social media
  • In Search of Peace in Manipur
  • Embracing the Shadows :: Poem
  • Dr Manmohan Singh will live on
  • Rise in the price of medicines
  • Respecting the dead- Denying is a disgrace
  • Winter skin care tips for oily skin
  • Illegal immigrants :: Of FMR & border fencing
  • JD-U row exposes national parties' apathy
  • State Gaan-Ngai @Sagolband #2 : Gallery
  • On 'Only BJP can save Manipur'
  • Frontline health workers dispelling darkness
  • 14th East Himalayan Trade Fair
  • Life is plastic
  • Killers on the road : 834 lives lost
  • Call to action to save State's wetlands
  • Essence of Gaan-Ngai #1
  • The Taste of Dreams wins @Red Intl Film Fest
  • Science: 3rd eye for Meitei-Kuki reconciliation
  • Northeast flies high in direct selling
  • Mastering focus amidst distractions
  • An introduction to Rabies (Hydrophobia) #4
  • Indo-Naga Talks (From 2012) :: Timeline
  • BJP : Tepid response from the hills
  • BABINA Hospital sets example in healthcare
  • Nitya Ras @Nongmeibung #1 : Gallery
  • Agonizing reality of our country's veteran elites
  • Historicising the colonial narratives
  • NSS Team Departs for National Integration
  • HUN-Thadou Cultural Festival 2025
  • Time to recreate Naga Peoples Convention 2.0
  • Career in nutrition
  • Need to give more meaning to War on Drugs
  • Time for real action not empty rhetoric
  • Foundation: Manipur Press Club #2 : Gallery
  • "Aronba Wari" :: Shumang Leela Synopsis
  • Tripura's livelihoods challenges
  • Hope Amidst Strife :: Poem
  • Railways wins race of women empowerment
  • Baatchit without precondition
  • Announced roadmap of Sep 2024: Raj Bhavan
  • Is drug money fuelling conflict ?
  • Archaeological Exhibition @ Kangla : Gallery
  • The Brass Beauties
  • Internment by non-State armed groups
  • Like people, like Government
  • Sustainable development - climate action #2
  • The Power of Poppy - 65 :: Poem
  • Road safety campaign across Northeast
  • Gaan-Ngai @Chaopok village #1 : Gallery
  • Manipur needs to affirm her tribal roots
  • Madras/Chennai- 1989 till 2024 : Gallery
  • Investigate "arms recoveries" in Mizoram
  • Training on Mushroom Cultivation
  • NE Direct Selling Conference & Expo
  • Response of Delhi in last 20 months
  • Regulated entry after FMR scrap, border
  • Mutua Bahadur : Preserving Manipuri culture
  • Competitive Altruism: Resolving ethnic conflict
  • Pithe Puli Utsav at Agartala
  • Building the best version of yourself
  • Guwahati Asian Film Festival 2025
  • Tips to keep your lips soft & smooth in winter
  • Subsidised flight tickets for all
  • MCPCR alert on child trafficking fear
  • Imoinu Erat Thouni @ Wangkhei : Gallery
  • Gaan-Ngai celebrating Culture in Delhi NCR
  • The Weeping Gods of Manipur :: Poem
  • Disarming Kuki-Zo armed groups under SoO
  • Why nurses deserve more recognition, pay
  • The hidden truths of our social media lives
  • MMTU stand bang on target: Recapping May 3
  • Enhancing aerial options to ease travel woes
  • 2nd Emoinu Fish Festival #1 : Gallery
  • Sustainable development - climate action #1
  • RIST Talk- 62 : Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • "Technically a BJP MLA will rule Nagaland"
  • Makar Sankranti : vibrant customs & traditions
  • Why gold is a strong hedge but ...
  • Delhi date on January 17
  • Onus of addressing tribal issues on new Guv?
  • Nupilal Ningshing Lamjel #2 : Gallery
  • Licypriya Kangujam: Nat'l Youth Day Award
  • Barak Festival advocates Peace, Progress
  • 'Yu', not fully liberalised
  • Article 355 equals Governor's Rule ?
  • Calls to vote with conscience
  • Zingtun academy leading by example
  • State Gaan-Ngai @Sagolband #1 : Gallery
  • Is Kuki-Zo community pushing Nagas to edge?
  • Will drive to find-treat-prevent TB continue ?
  • Smart Cities, dustier roads ?
  • ST of NE & Dalits of mainland India
  • That May :: Poem
  • Understanding Red, Yellow, Green
  • Cong posers on Govt aid to SoO group
  • Culturals @Tri-Nation Football #1 : Gallery
  • Gaan-Ngai festival of Kabui/Rongmei
  • 40 Years & 04 Stations- Part IV (Madras)
  • Manipur Gold: 34th Sr Natl Sepaktakraw C'ship
  • Public Health Risk Management Training
  • The Power of Poppy - 64 :: Poem
  • The Science of Success #4
  • Hingminashi Eikhoi : Call for unity in diversity
  • A Hymn for Goddess Emoinu
  • Are the foods we eat, correct ?
  • Gangtok, Sikkim (1983 till 1988) : Gallery
  • The Taste of Dreams : Teaser Unveiled
  • Be a child of courage & conquer obstacle
  • Hans Renal Care Centre in Guwahati
  • Focus on pre-May 3, 2023 period
  • Conundrum over the genesis of crisis
  • Misna Chanu aids to Jiribam IDPs : Gallery
  • North-East Students invited to JEE Main 2025
  • Empower the State else avoid blame on CM
  • Obituary : Thaunawjam Brajamohon
  • Hope :: Poem
  • An introduction to Rabies (Hydrophobia) #3
  • Winter makeup tips for dry skin
  • Imphal, Delhi still groping in the dark
  • Tension over assault case, land claims
  • Mega Protest Rally, end AFSPA #2: Gallery
  • Procedural mandates- Articles 118 & 208
  • Naga Hoho calls for early Solution
  • Send-off ceremony for National Youth Fest
  • Human metapneumovirus: A world of worry
  • Solution first, peace later slogan
  • Neutral communities no more safe
  • Foundation: Manipur Press Club #1 : Gallery
  • Manipur champions: 30th Natl Thang-Ta Cship
  • Futsal C'ship 2025 : Manipur runners up
  • Remembering Manmohan Singh, former PM
  • Balancing academic & professional heights
  • The Science of Success #3
  • Of siren fitted vehicles
  • Opposing CAPFs' presence to aid attacks
  • Ningol Chakkouba @ Delhi #3 : Gallery
  • Apoptosis: A Lament for Kangleipak :: Poem
  • RIST Talk - 61 : Quantum entanglement
  • Most welcome Bhalla saab
  • An introduction to Rabies (Hydrophobia) #2
  • Concerns- humans & technology in 2025
  • Indigenous Pottery Making @Imphal : Gallery
  • A memorable day for Ima Chenghi
  • Judicious use of apologies, Meitei-Kuki conflict
  • Training on Mushroom at Nagamapal
  • Atal Bihari Vajpayee: The Bhishma Pitamah
  • May 3, 2023 to Jan 3, 2025 : Kpi outrage
  • Time for centre to revisit SoO agreement
  • AIR Radio Imphal Station - Live streaming
  • The Indo-Myanmar boundary fencing
  • India shifting gears to #endTB
  • Medical Officer at RKM Hospital, Itanagar
  • The Power of Poppy - 63 :: Poem
  • The Science of Success #2
  • Nupi Lal Memorial @Pune #2 : Gallery
  • Nagaland, conservation & entrepreneurship go
  • 40 Years & 04 Stations #3 (Gangtok, Sikkim)
  • 2024: A year of loss, absurdity, & hope
  • New man at the Raj Bhavan
  • Effectiveness of deploying central force on hill
  • Natambakta Play @JNMDA #3 : Gallery
  • An introduction to Rabies (Hydrophobia) #1
  • NEHHDC's "Eri Silk Spinning Mill"
  • Create policies for holistic life skills
  • Winter : Skincare essentials for travellers
  • 'WMCbu thugainaba kanna hotnaba'
  • Noting public apology from CM
  • Economic blockade, yet again
  • Ningol Chakkouba @ Delhi #2 : Gallery
  • National Family Health Survey Report 2019-21
  • The Dark Rainbows of Manipur :: Poem
  • What will state of political differences in 2025
  • The Science of Success #1
  • The historical account of Kabaw Valley #3
  • Featured Front Page Photo 2024 #6: Gallery
  • Be still my heart :: Poem
  • Nouwa Marup Calendar 2025 released
  • New Year : Envisaging a new scenario
  • 'WMCga mari leinadaba meewoi'
  • Welcome 2025, good riddance 2024
  • Not much to hope for in year 2025
  • E-Pao.net : 25th Anniv & 2025 Wishes
  • January Calendar for Year 2025 : Tools
  • Folklore Night: Tales of Ancestors @ Noney
  • In search of the causes of conflict
  • The New Year is not just a celebration
  • Medical Assistance to Journalists
  • From 19th to 20th month of mayhem
  • Tighter ILP rules must to serve the purpose
  • Protest @Delhi - Murder of Meiteis #2: Gallery
  • Dr A Surjalal Memorial Award distributed
  • Wattaba Meitei : India's best cyclist 2024
  • Adieu to the first PM from NE
  • Cold :: Poem
  • Entrance test for Sainik Schools 2025
  • Debate over whether 2 or 3 : Discuss Manipur
  • AFSPA re-imposed in valley, onslaught from hill
  • "Connections", art exhibitt @ DC : Gallery
  • Year 2024: Unsolved tragedies & Govt inaction
  • Free one month course on DTP
  • Gita - An antidote for life in Kali #4
  • The Power of Poppy - 62 :: Poem
  • Bima Sakhi Yojana: Will empower rural women
  • Observance of Thang-Ta Day #1 : Gallery
  • Ningol Chakkouba @ Delhi #1 : Gallery
  • Poetry Reading @RKCS Art Gallery : Gallery
  • The historical account of Kabaw Valley #2
  • Lemphu (Rhizome) of Tharo Angangba
  • Christmas Carols @ Langol : Gallery
  • Protest @Delhi - Murder of Meiteis #1: Gallery
  • "Connections", art exhibition, Washington, DC
  • Manipur Science Congress @ MU : Gallery
  • Mera Chaorel Houba #4 : Gallery
  • 62nd Mr. Manipur 2024 @ MU : Gallery
  • Nupi Lal Memorial @Pune #1 : Gallery
  • Meitei Mayek Tamba : Online Classroom #5
  • Indigenous People Cultural Fest #1 : Gallery
  • Maibi Jagoi @ Mera Houchongba: Gallery
  • Mega Protest Rally, end AFSPA #1: Gallery
  • Ta Ta TabuHtoN :: Seireng
  • Radio E-pao: 1000+ songs from Manipur
  • Mobs attack MLAs house [Nov 16] : Gallery
  • Candlelight Protest @Blore [Nov 17] : Gallery
  • Protest @Seoul condemn murder : Gallery
  • Massive protests in Imphal [Nov 16] : Gallery
  • Condemns Killing Children [Nov 16] : Gallery
  • Ooba Video : is now relaunched !
  • Downloadable Manipuri Calendar :: 2025
  • GHOST of PEACE :: Download Booklet