Importance of Chakhao and its health benefits

S Roma Devi/ Lydia Zimik / Laishram Kanta Singh *

Chakhao, the Manipuri Black Rice :: Pix - Dr. Rowndel Khwairakpam

Introduction

Chakhao, a unique variety of brown rice, hails from the northeastern state of Manipur, India. Known for its distinctive aroma, rich colour, and nutritional value, Chakhao holds a special place in Manipuri culture. Traditionally cultivated and cherished, this indigenous rice variety is not just a staple food but also a part of the state's heritage. Its deep purple to black hue and rich nutrient profile make it stand out from other rice varieties.

Chakhao brown rice is often associated with health benefits, and it has started gaining attention not only in India but globally as well.This essay delves into the history, cultivation, nutritional benefits, cultural significance, and growing popularity of Chakhao brown rice, exploring why it is considered a treasure of Manipur.

Historical and Cultural Significance

Chakhao, which means "delicious rice" in Manipuri, has been cultivated in Manipur for centuries. Historically, it was considered a royal food and was often reserved for special occasions, religious ceremonies, and festivals. The rice was also offered to deities in temples and used during important rites of passage such as weddings.

Its strong cultural ties reflect the deep-rooted traditions of the people of Manipur.Despite being revered in local culture, Chakhao remained relatively unknown outside of the region for a long time. However, with the growing interest in traditional and indigenous foods, this aromatic rice has started gaining recognition for its unique qualities. The traditional methods of cultivation, passed down through generations, contribute to its rich flavour and nutritional value.

Today, Chakhao is not only consumed in its traditional form but is also being used to make innovative products like Chakhao kheer, rice cakes, and snacks.

Unique Characteristics of Chakhao Brown Rice

What sets Chakhao brown rice apart from other varieties is its unique appearance and nutritional composition. The rice grains are dark purple to black, a color derived from anthocyanins, a type of flavonoid with powerful antioxidant properties. These compounds give the rice its deep hue and offer numerous health benefits.

The anthocyanins present in Chakhao rice are comparable to those found in blueberries and blackberries, making it a rich source of antioxidants.Chakhao rice is also known for its nutty flavour and slightly sticky texture when cooked.

This sticky nature makes it perfect for traditional Manipuri dishes. Unlike polished white rice, Chakhao brown rice retains its bran and germ layers, which are packed with fiber, vitamins, and minerals. This makes it a more wholesome and nutritious option compared to other types of rice.

Nutritional Benefits

Chakhao brown rice is a nutritional powerhouse. It is packed with essential nutrients that contribute to overall health and well-being. Here are some of the key nutritional benefits of Chakhao brown rice:

1. Rich in Antioxidants

The high anthocyanin content in Chakhao rice makes it a powerful antioxidant food. Antioxidants help in neutralizing free radicals in the body, reducing oxidative stress, and lowering the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Regular consumption of antioxidant-rich foods like Chakhao rice can help in maintaining a healthy body.

2. High Fiber Content

As a whole grain, Chakhao brown rice is rich in dietary fibre. Fiber is essential for healthy digestion as it helps in regulating bowel movements and preventing constipation. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy cholesterol levels and controlling blood sugar levels. The high fibre content in Chakhao rice makes it an excellent choice for individuals looking to manage their weight and improve digestive health.

3. Low Glycemic Index:

Chakhao brown rice has a low glycemic index (GI), which means it releases glucose into the bloodstream at a slower rate compared to high-GI foods. This property is particularly beneficial for people with diabetes as it helps in maintaining stable blood sugar levels. The slow release of glucose also helps in sustaining energy levels for a longer period, making Chakhao rice a great option for a balanced diet.

4. Rich in Essential Nutrients

Chakhao rice is a good source of essential vitamins and minerals, including iron, zinc, magnesium, and B vitamins. Iron is crucial for the production of hemoglobin and the prevention of anemia, while zinc supports immune function and wound healing. Magnesium is vital for muscle function, and B vitamins play a key role in energy metabolism. Including Chakhao brown rice in the diet can help in meeting the body's nutritional requirements.

5. Gluten-Free:

Chakhao rice is naturally gluten-free, making it a safe and nutritious option for individuals with celiac disease or gluten intolerance. Its nutrient-dense profile provides a healthy alternative to other gluten-containing grains.

6. Promotes Heart Health:

The combination of fiber, antioxidants, and essential nutrients in Chakhao brown rice contributes to heart health. Regular consumption of this rice can help in reducing bad cholesterol levels, lowering blood pressure, and preventing the buildup of plaque in the arteries. This, in turn, reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke.

7. Supports Weight Management:

The high fiber content in Chakhao brown rice promotes satiety, reducing the likelihood of overeating. This makes it an ideal food for those looking to manage their weight. Additionally, the slow digestion of this rice helps in keeping hunger at bay, making it easier to maintain a healthy eating pattern.

Farmer reap Poireiton Chakhao (Black Rice) by cultivating at floating Biomass of Loktak Lake :: Pix - IT News

Cultivation Practices


The cultivation of Chakhao rice is deeply intertwined with the traditional agricultural practices of Manipur. It is typically grown in the rainfed regions of the state, where the climate and soil conditions are ideal for its cultivation.

The rice is primarily grown during the monsoon season, and traditional methods such as organic farming and manual labour are employed to ensure the quality of the rice. Farmers in Manipur have been practicing sustainable agriculture for generations, using natural methods to fertilize the soil and protect crops from pests.

The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is minimal, making Chakhao rice an eco-friendly and organic option for consumers. The traditional methods of cultivation not only preserve the quality of the rice but also contribute to the conservation of biodiversity in the region .

In recent years, efforts have been made to promote the cultivation of Chakhao rice on a larger scale to meet the growing demand. The Government and various organizations are supporting farmers with training, resources, and market access to ensure the sustainability of Chakhao rice cultivation.

Global Recognition and Market Potential


Chakhao brown rice is gaining recognition beyond the borders of Manipur, with increasing demand in national and international markets. The growing awareness of the health benefits associated with traditional and indigenous foods has led to a surge in interest in Chakhao rice. Its unique flavour, nutritional profile, and cultural significance make it a sought-after product in the health food market.

In addition to being available in local markets, Chakhao rice is now being sold online, making it accessible to consumers across India and globally. The export potential of Chakhao rice is also being explored, with interest from health-conscious consumers and gourmet food markets.

The recognition of Chakhao rice as a Geographical Indication (GI) product further enhances its market potential. The GI tag not only protects the authenticity of the product but also adds value to it, ensuring that the benefits of its commercialization reach the local farmers and communities.

Conclusion


Chakhao brown rice is more than just a nutritious food; it is a symbol of the rich cultural heritage and traditional agricultural practices of Manipur. Its unique characteristics, health benefits, and growing popularity make it a valuable addition to the global market.

As more people become aware of the importance of consuming nutrient-dense, antioxidantrich foods, Chakhao brown rice is poised to become a staple in health-conscious diets around the world. Efforts to promote and preserve this indigenous rice variety should continue, ensuring that future generations can enjoy the benefits of Chakhao brown rice while also supporting the livelihoods of the farmers who cultivate it.

In a world where traditional foods are often overshadowed by modem, processed options, Chakhao brown rice stands as a testament to the importance of preserving and valuing our natural and cultural heritage.