Tribal And Democratic Federalism
- Part 2 -

B. Angousana Sharma *

Maha Shivaratri Festivities at Imphal, a Hindu festival for Lord Shiva in March 2013 :: Pix - Jinendra Maibam

Democracy:

Democracy refers Republic. infer. advocate to form a system of government deduce to the public opinion. But. the basic interpretation according to the primary education of democracy will term to be mother of the independence. Because, until and unless the system of a democratically rendered government has been established there will no fulfill meaning of independence in the society.

For Example: The Bharatavarsha was freed from the British Rule on 15-08-1947. But Bharat was not enjoyed the full-fledged independent administration till yet declared as a democratic republic. With the motto of oneness, the small kingdoms of Bharatavarsha have been immerged into unity with strong endeavour of the then Home Minister of India, Sardar Bhallav Bhai Patel.

During while, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar was inducted to the responsibility, to compose the constitution of India, under an advisory committee. The constitution of India has been completed and promulgated on 2611> Nov. 1949; hence dedicated unto the Nation on 26'h Jan. 1950, so called the Republic India. The Auspicious day was Republic Day of India. Till 25'· Jan. 1950 there was no independence in India, but freed from British Rule.

When the Constitution of India brought into commission, for the administration as mother of law, in which, duties of the citizens been described in the Article 15-A of Chapter IV; whereas, in Article-12 of .chapter III defined the Rights of the Citizens of India.

In the sense, before commencement of the Republic, before promulgatiori of the democratic culture of administration in the country, there was no independence. Hitherto, democracy is the system of administration, in which, the people or representatives of the peoples involved. Therefore, this type of government has peen introduced in various countries ofthe world. Among them, Democratic, Union Govt. of India and United States of America are mentionable.

In which governments, the Govt. of U.S.A. has specific presidential form of Gol,(I.; whereas, ours (India), President is indirectly elected, and Prime Minister is direct political head and representative of the country. The little differences in selection of leaders are visible in the two countries. But both countries are similar and federal.

Federalism:

Federalism is not merely decentralization of the administrative powers to the states from the Union Government. Federal is union of the independent states, causing the administration in the various states under the umbrella of an union structure. Under which system of the administration the states have extensive powers; although the provision of the constitution varies the appearance of the union. India maintained federalism with the distinct phrases of "Federal in Nature" and "Unity in Diversity". The dual characters of the administration symbolizes the "Union" and "State" in the constitution of India.

However, there is supremacy of the parliament, rigidity in the constitution and independent judiciary. In the mean time the unique differences of the American classical Federalism and India's power transfer into the states, decentralizing methods. In the mean time, the directive principles shall be taken while administering a state in the ambit of the fundamental rights of the states in the Articles 36 and 37 which are clear upon the principality of administration subject to non-negligibility, rather inalianiable to the policy as asked thereto.

Dlrective principles are rather conventional and discipline strictures for the states as the American and Irish modeled concessions of the Constution.

Extensively, primordiality of the federal structures have been visualised in the Constitution of India with the characters are as- First, India maintained single citizenship system, whereas, America maintained double citizenship. Second, the states in America can amend the constitution locally, in the state, whereas in India cannot.

Third, Indian constitution exhibits centralizing tendency in several of the provisions which do not sanction the independent state cultures by inter locking advice of the Union Govt. Because, the constitution is above parliament and state legislatives. Fourth, Union Government can empower the states or to exercise powers otherwise vested in the state.

More or less federalism transcends the statutory legislative powers and functions or exercise the power vested to the state, for favour of the people of country. It is true enough, when we enter into the federal administration, freedom of the citizens, states administrations in America, in comparison to the Indian federal structure have straight differences; which of the fact lies lack of freedom of the states in the constitutio'n of India; which found rather lengthy, confusion making in law and weak in administration. However, to add or extract, remove or replace or amend the constitution is always necessary for long.

After all, it is obvious to fill the gap, will only possible with the improvement of education of the people of the Nation. Hence, governments of the states as well as the Union shall provide education of responsibilities of the citizens of the natiqn; therefore, all possible dreams will break into act.

Now Tribal Societies· in the East:

First of all I would highlight the differences and misinterpretations of DHARMA and SOCIETY; CULTURE and DHARMA; and DHARMA and NAAT

I. Dharma And Society:

When British merchants entered into the East Frontier i.e. Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Tripura, the Bharatiya land was known as HINDUSTHAN. Because. before British there were Mohammadans. Mohammadans used to call HINDUSTHAN in place of BHARAT Because, when Mohammadans entered Bharatvarsha they had first touched the SINDHU river, which was to cross it.

They could not pronounce SINDHU, they pronounced HINDU; therefore the land of Bharat turned to HINDUSTHAN. The same could not pronounced HINDUSTHAN by the English'; thereafter HINDU become INDUS, than INDIA, then INDIAN.

But, the Britishers during 1700 upto 1900 AD in Bharatvarsha used to address Hindusthan in place of Bharatvarsha. Therefore, the same word was used, had been used in the Brahmaputra and Surma valleys habited tribal communities also.

Another serious mistake in the provinces committed by the people during the period of migration of VAISHNAVAITE/BHAKTI Dharma was taken into account as migration ofthe HINDU/ARIYAN Society in the East.

But, in fact, it was not so; the only VAISNAVAITE Dharma has been migratfld; the myths have been instituted but the Ariyans had not been migrated. The indigenous peoples of the East remained undisturbed as it were.

Therefore, knowingly or unknowingly the Vaisnavaite peoples in Manipur and Assam had been recognised as Hinduite society, which is irreparably damaging into the Tribal societies of the East. As a result the Ahom, the Meitei had been identified to be HINDU of the Ariyans.

But, we should start campaign to correct into the administrative account, as well as awareness should be given into the mass populations, about the critics of the terms HINDU and DHARMA, so that the mistake can be corrected in time.

Because, the Eastern peoples particularly the Meitei/Meetei are being Mongoloid, not being Ariyan had been taken into Hindu communities are objectionable; where as the Meitei/Meetei can be a Vaisnavaite/Bhakti dharma follower will not harm to be a Mongoloid.

Also, the Meitei/Meitei's Vaishnav Dharma is totally different from the other HINDU cultures of the other states of India. Meitei Vasnavaite is unique, purity is prevailed in the state.

To be continued...