Meetei na Scheduled Tribe Oiraknabagi Lallongda Eikhoigi Wafam
- Part 1 -

1st May 2016

WAHOUDOK

Meetei sing asi India gi constitution na Scheduled Tribe ama oina masak khnggadabani haibagi khongjang ama Manipur da mami taarakli. Khongjang asi Meetei singgi maraktagi meeyoi khujok amana sagatlakpani. Masiga mari leinaba lup semduna, meechang khomba eikhoina ooba fanglakli. Khongjang asina meeteisingda paojelliba wafamsing asi mapung oina makhagi wafamsing asini:

(1) Meetei haibasi tribal ni aduna tribal oina masak khnggadabani
(2) Meetei Scheduled Tribe ollabadi chingmee tammi nungsinaragani
(3) Meeteina Scheduled Tribe ollabadi eereipakki ngamkhei kairaroi
(4) Meeteina Scheduled Tribe ollabadi Meetei chaokhatlagani

Mathakki wafamsing asina wakhal humlaga chatpa Meetei kayana khongjang asibu sougatpa hounarakli. Khutlai paiba lup kharanasu khongjang asida fongna natraga lotna sougatpagi thouong kharasu leire haina ngangnarakli. Hainariba wafamgi matung innadi, ningtambagi lan asi thajaba watsillakle natragana karigumba mai paklakpa tarabasu, madu yamna saangba lambee oigadabanina, lan mai paktringei asida Meetei furupki kannaba khara touramba tangai fade. Adubu hairiba Scheduled Tribe onbagi pandam asi Manipur meeyam apumbagi pandam oibadi yadri. Khongjang asigi mayokta leiba meeyoi natraga lup kayasu leiri.

Khudam oina hairabada: (a) hannana Scheduled Tribe ki list ta masak khanglaba furupsinggi lup kayana Meetei bu scheduled tribe onba yaroi haibagi wafam fongna thamnarakli. Meeteina schedule tribe onkhrabadi tribal gi chakthung khudingmak Meeteina loukhragani haibagi yaningdaba fongdokli; (b) Meetei singgi maraktasu, hannana Scheduled Caste ki list ta leiraba meeyoi kayana Meetei bu chabak oina Schedule Tribe onba pamdari. Meetei furuppu schedule tribe oina onkhrabadi, makhoina fanglamba caste reservation quota amasung atei khudongchabasing adu manglagani haina yaningdaba faori; (c) Furupki mingchatki wafam yenglakpada, Schedule Tribe haiba minggou asi hanthaba mee furupki minggouni haina khanba Meetei kangbusingna Meeteibu Scheduled Tribe onba asi pamdabasu yaori.

MAPUNG OIBA WAFAMSING

Mathakkhi wafamsing asi mathang sitna neinaduna thamjaningba wafamdi:

(1) Meetei haibasi tribal ni aduna tribal oina masak khnggadabani

(a) Tribe ama haiba asi ee mari tinnaba (imung manung sagei natei hourakpham paari poori tinnabasingna mahousagi khongchatta meeyoi chollup oina tinsinjarakpa), amata oiba mamalon, nat, chatnabi, laininggi thajabana lipun oiba; mahousagi potthokta tangjaduna hingba, makhoi maselgi marakta sendonggidamak tuhatpa namhatpa yaodana, laira inakkhunbagi khennaba khallon naidaba, thong mannaba khunnaigi lipun-ga sagonnaba sinlamchat kanglonda yumfam oiraga semba meeyoi furup amani. Tribe ama haibasi meeyoi furup adugi puwari tangkak amani. Masidagi manglomda chatkhattuna, sinmitlonda ahongba lakpaga loinana, khunnailondasu ahongba laktuna, tribe ama oibagi saklon adu kaitharak-ee. Manglomda chatkhatlaklaba puwari tangkak adu amuk hnna maninglomda han-gattuna chatpagi wafam leite.

(b) Meetei hairiba furup asi mapung oina tribal gi puwari tangkaktagi lanthoktuna, feudalismgi tangkaksu tungoinaramlaba furup amani. Ngasidagi chahi chamagi mamangda kanagumba British lairik eeba ama anina Meeteibu tribal ni haina makhoigi meetyengdagi haifet waheina pllamba leirambadi yai. Madugi puwari matamduda eeramba wafamduna ngasigi puwari tangkakta hingliba Meetei khunnai asigi masak takpadi yaroi. Amaromda, British loilam leingakloigi mapung oiba leingaklon poramsingda Meetei bu tribal oina leingakhiba natraga neinakhiba leite. Meeteigi houkhraba puwari tangkaksing mapum oina yengbadasu tribal sinlamchattagi lanthoraktuna, ningthou panduna feudalism gi chatnalonchat kayagi kanglonda lishang sitna hinglakpagi puwari leiri. Madugi puwari tangkak adu loikhre.

(C) India gi Constitution na Manipur gi furup kharabu Scheduled Tribe haina masak khangbadi lei. British pallingeida Manipur gi furup kharabu, makhoigi sinmitlon amasung khunnailon-gi fivam yengduna, tribal haina masak khngkhiba adu India gi Scheduled Tribe Order 1950 ki makhada adumak paring chattharakpani haiba yai. Masida wahang kharasu thokli. Tribal bu chaokhat-hannabagidamak semliba leingak-pathap sing aduna 1950 dagi ngasifaobagi, chahi 65 asida, furupsinggi sinmitlon amasung khunnailon adu tribal gi tangaktagi ahongba karisu purakpa ngamdrabara?

Natragana, tribal gi saklon da ahongba sukleimak leitrabara? Masi kupna neinarurabadi, tasengnamak Schedule Tribe haiba asi leingaklichat (political) eethil ga sagonnana semba political kanglup ama oina leire haina louba yai. Maramdi, chahi 65 henna sanglaba India gi Capitalism safu asigi eeronnungda furup khudingmak, mamang tangkaktagi sagonnarakpa tribal nat amasung chatnabigi lemkhak saklon (remnants of tribalism) khara adu nattana, mahousagi Tribal oibagi puwari tangkak adu loikhrabani.

(d) Mathakki wafam asiga loinana eikhoina tangai fadana khngminnagadaba wafam ama leiri. Madudi, Manipur da mashagi oiba industrial capitalism di oithokpa ngamdana leiri. Adubu India na challairiba capitalism asigi fibannungda Manipur gi furup khudingmak chusinkhiduna, eikhoigi eereipak asi capitalism eethilda da yumfam oiba khunnai (capitalist society) ama oirabani. Hairiba capitalist khunnai asigi manungda furupsinggi marakta yelhoungeigi tribalism natraga feudalism gi nat amasung chatnabigi lemkhak saklon khara ooba fangba yai.

Masimakna Meetei natraga khundaminnariba furup amata thanggei sengba tribal khunnaigi puwari tangkak aduda hingbadi oidre. Hainingba wafamdi; Meeteibu tribe ni haiba marei asidi India gi leingaklon-gi fibannungda semliba Schedule Tribe haiba political kanglup aduda channanaba yetke haina yetpa marei amani. Masi Meetei na tribal oirubagi oifam thokpa hak natte; political eethil amaga loinana khongjan sagattuna Meetei bu kanglup aduda chalhanduna meeyoi kharagi kannaba khara louhounabagi lallong amani.

(2) Meetei Scheduled Tribe ollabadi chingmee tammi nungsinaragani

(a) Meetei Scheduled Tribe ollabadi chingmee tammi nungsinragani hairi. Makhoigi wafamdi, tribe haiba asi furup amabu masak takpa athiba hanthaba minggou amani. Meetei na tribe oidaba maramna athiba minggou asiga loinana hanthaba mityeng tribe singda yengduna leire. Minggou asi Meeteinasu fanglabadi furupki napal adu hntharagani. Meetei masamaknasu makhoisu hanthaba thakni haibasi khnglaktuna tribal bu hnthana yengloi. Amaromda Meetei bu awangba thakni haina hn-gatna hanggoina yenglamba furupsingnasu Meeteibu makhoiga thak amattada hingminnaba furupni haina ooba ngamlagani. Furup khudingmak minggou tinnaminnaduna mannaba thak amada eekai khumnaragani. Aduna Meetei na Scheduled Tribe onduna, India gi leingak-pathapki mateng louduna, khetnaba minggousing asi leitem mannana temthokpa tangai fade.

(b) Makhoina chelliba paojel asi kupna neinaba mathou tai. Wafamdi: (i) Manipur gi furup singgi marakta, furupki thak khennei haina lourabasu, minggouda anem awang lei haina lourabasu; thoina thouoiruba toudana, furupki pallon thugaiduna, charou mourounaba, ngai sen oiminnaba, matao sannaba, yumlonnaba, londinnaba, thouburoi oimannaba kaya su leiri. Aduna, minggou haiba asina furupki marakta matam chuppada thugaiba ngamdaba cheikhal oiduna lei haibada yaroidaba matousingsu ooba fangli; (ii) Furupki mingda semba lupsiggi marakta muknaba kayasu lei, aduga muknadana londinnana chatminna lup kayasu leiri; (iii) Furupki maikhum kuptuna, furup masel yeknahannabagi lallong sannaba lupsinna thakpa langda thuduna matam matamgi oina furup masel oongkhatnaba kayasu leikhi.

Adumakpu, furupki lanfam kharada thokkhiba tamthiba thoudoksing adu nattana, furupsing asi matam chuppada yeknadunata leiba, oonnaba thengnaba mafam khudingda hatna sunadunata leiba haibadumakti oide; (iv) Kanglupki natraga furupki oongkhatnaba asi minggouna oihanba oongkhatnabani haina wahanthok pibadi lan-gani. Amaromda, minggou honglaga natraga tinnaraga furupki lallong loigani haibasu lan-gani. Tribal haina minggou tinnaribasinggi marakta Naga-Kuki gi oongkhatnaba, Kuki-Paite gi oongkhatnaba, Naga furup masel gi marakta oongkhatnaba eikhoina ooba fangli.

(c) Eikhoina tangai fadana kupna yenggadabadi senmit-leingaklon (political economy) asini. Matou karamna India gi senjao-lallonlichat (capitalism) gi senmit-leingaklon asina eereicha furupsinggi marakta oongkhatnaba mara chatthahanduna leiribage haiba asi wahang amani. Mathakta pnkhre, eikhoigi khunnai asi yelhoungeigi furupki lemkhak lichatsing kaya leirabasu capitalist society amani. Masina kari oihanbage hairabadi:

(i) Indiagi senjao-lallonlichat (capitalism) asi na khunnaigi khallon kaya semli. Indiagi ngamkhei manung asida leipak sin-thungna chaokhatpa mara tahanba ngamde. Thong mannana khunnai hupna chak-hong-ngahongba ngamde. Industry amasung agriculture chaokhatpa mafamsinggi potthokta ateina adumak tangjahanduna hingbagi kanglon amada adumak chattharakli. Hairiba potthoksinggi keithel suppai paiba (monopolist) singna asonba khunnaisingda changsinduna lunkhop sagoon touri. Lannai sendonglichat (privatisation) amasung lallonbana leipak lanna lunkhoppagi halengdaba lichat (liberalisation) asi paktaknana chattharakli.

Makhoising asina eikhoigidamak industry, factory, agriculture amasung atei potthok puthokpagi thourangsing paikhatlakpagi wafamdi leite. Senjao-Leingakloi singgi thoudang haibabu makhoigi senjao-lallonlichatki safuna neihatpa tuhatpa eikhoigumba khunnaida, makhoigi mayokta hourakliba/ hourakkadaba ningtambagi lan thingnaba hotnaba haiba asini. Masigi lallong ama oina leiteng chakthak (reform) ki potlam khara chaithokpa amasung maduna khoichak oiduna madubu munnahanbada furupsinggi marakta achum aran afa fatta khnthaba ngamnaraktabani. Masina singchep oiraga furuploi loichasinggi (loi challaba meeyoising) wakhal asi nakal amaromda thaktok-handuna thambani. Masigi lallong eereichasing asi makhoibu kanana namthak touduna sagoon touba asi ooba ngamdabani.

(ii) Senjao-lalllonlichat ki (capitalism) lunkhoplichat amasung namhatlichat safuna eereichasinggi fivam sotthabagi tallak asida, masidagi kannaba louriba khurakki eena lai saba hanglai kayasu leitaba natte. Hanglai thoubunaising asigi thouburoidi eereipakki angam athou oiriba thikadar sing asini. Thikadar sing asigi mathoudi leingak chupli painaba hotnabani. Thikadar leingak asigi ngakloudi makhoina semgatchaba yokkhatchaba bureaucrats, amasung atei loisanglensinggi famnaibasing asini. Makhoi punna mannaraga eereichasingdagi sagoon touba yaoribani.

Makhoigi pandamda lamdamsigi leibak leihao, khutsumee (labour or productive forces), mahousagi potthoksing semgat sagattuna leipak chaokhat-hanbagi wafam yaode. Makhoidi hanglai oina mapunsi chuppa eereipak amasung eereichasingbu lallonlaga sendal lambee oiribani. Indiagi senjao-leingakna eikhoigidama pirakpa lousal (eikhoigi leibak India da tinbagi pifam thokpa rent or grant) adu makhoi hanglai masel munnaraga lannaigi lun-thum peksillibani. Makhoi masel gi marakta fam munnarakpa, sendong munnarakpa amasung loutunarakpa matamda; democracy gi marumda makhoina furupki eerang sagattuna masa masagi loujnam pujanam mantiknaribani.

(iii) Eereipak meekhut chankhiba amasung eereichasinggi fivam sottharakpa matamda wahang makhal makhal hangnarak-ee. Kanagumbasingna masa masagi furupki nat, saktam, senthok mangsillakle haibagi meepaibasu faorak-ee. Lairabagi awaba koknaba, chaokhatningbagi meethoi meehen ningbagi mayai adu ningba thungnaba hotnaba haibasidi masana pokcharakpa eethilni. Adubu makhoina mapum oiriba sinmit-leingaklon-gi (political economy: leingaklon amasung sinmitlon-ga sagonnariba mari) kuyom asi ooba ngamde. Apunba meetyeng amasung apunba khongjang semgatpagi mahut; eigi eigi furup chaokhat-hangadabani haina khanba hounarak-ee. Matou asumna furupki mingda lup kaya semgatnarak-ee. Masa masagi lallong paikhatnarak-ee.

Sinmit-leingaklon asigi mayokta yaol khongjang changbagi mahut; sinmit-leingaklon asigi thouburoisingda tangjaraga nijaraga furupki yaifaragani haina chakni-feenibagi wakat oina tounarak-ee. Masina maram oiduna luchingbasingbu eelai laina thikadar-leingakloisingna makhoigi khongbunai oina chingsinbasu ngamkhi. Matou asumna furupki lupsing asi thikadarsinggi ngaklou oina fouham tanarak-ee. Asum toubana kannare haina khanba kayanasu furupki maikhum kuplaga furuppu lallonba hourak-ee. Masi ooba ngamdaba eereichasingna furup masel oongkhatnabaromda mai onsinkhi. Furupki oongkhatnaba asina thikadar-leingakki sagoon toubagi lallon asi kupsinduna thammee.

(iv) Mathakki mapung oiba thouong ahum asina leibak semgatpa eereichasing chaokhatpadi purakte. Furukpi lallongna wakhal thammaikhrabasing thikadar leingaklon-gi khongmee lanmee oirak-ee. Achumba pamba meeyoi kayagi machin namfu hafuna meelli. Kayabuna selgi khoichak thaduna tumil leihalli. Makhoigi mayokta fongna leplakpasingbuna meehat meepul touduna manghalli. Furupki awaba koknaba furup ateida maral thangjilli. Furup masel yengthinahannaba hotnei. Furupki lallongbu sugatpa paojelloi oina NGO amasung intellectual kaya semgatlak-ee.

Furupki mingda semba khutlai paiba khutpusingna NGO amasung intellectual kayagi pambom tingduna furupki eerang sagatnaraka asisu pak sandorak-ee. Eigi eigi furup ki saktamna ateidagi henna wanghan-gadabani; eigi eigi furupna mahellabani, eigi eigi furuptamak chaokhatkadabani, eigi eigi furupna waribagi maramsi atoppa furupnani, eigi furupki fangfam thokpa hak atoppa furupna munkhrabani, eigi eigi furupki ningtamba amasung lamgi ngamkhei semgadabani, asinachingba furupki ngakchao thekpa lichat pak sanna sandorak-ee. Adubu kupthana yenglurabadi, furupki mingda semliba khutlai paiba khutpusing asiga thikadar-leingakloising asiga, makhoigi marakta yetnaba yanadaba kaya leiramba tarabasu, lunkhop lichattadi punna sagoon touminnari.

(d) Eikhoigi meeyengdadi; furupki minggou ollaga furupsing hekta nungsi channarakkadaba leite. Miggou ollaga furupki marakta leiriba oongkhatnaba kaya asi nemhanba ngamloi. Minggou ollaga tangdu leitaba apunba khunnaigi saktam ama sagatpa hektamak oithokloi. Minggou ollaga nungsi channaragani haiba asidi mayambu apangba sibani. Masidi Meeteibu Schedule Tribe ki kanglup ta tin-gadabani haiba lallong adugi meechang, Meetei marakta oot chairaga khomnaba hotnabani.

Masi apunba khunnai saktam sagatpa fangloidaba chinhai wahei amani. Furupki oongkhatnabagi maru hulliba India gi sinmit-leingaklon asibu kupsinnaba hotnabani. Sinmit-leingaklon-gi natei chadaba poram asibu semdoknaba hotnaba natte. Sinmit-leingaklon asi fagat-handriba makhei furupki oongkhatnaba asi nemhanba ngamloi.

Dr. Malem Ningthouja
Chairperson,
Campaign for Peace & Democracy (Manipur)

To be continued ...